Gambling involves the risking of something of value in exchange for the chance to win a prize. The term “gambling” also includes activities that require skill, such as betting on horse races and other sports events, where the likelihood of winning is dependent on knowledge or expertise. The behavior of gambling can lead to severe problems, such as addiction and bankruptcy. Individuals with mental health problems, such as depression, are at greater risk for developing gambling disorder. In addition, individuals with family members who have problems with gambling are more likely to develop a gambling disorder.
The onset of gambling disorders is gradual, with many people not recognizing their problem until it has reached crisis proportions. Symptoms include persistent urges to gamble, difficulty controlling gambling behavior, escalating amounts of money lost and impaired relationships with family and friends. In some cases, people who have serious gambling problems are at increased risk for self-harm or suicidal thoughts.
A primary reason for the development of gambling disorders is a loss of control over impulses. This is due to a combination of factors, such as sensation- and novelty-seeking, arousal and negative emotional states. In addition, the high probability of losing money increases the urge to gamble. Moreover, some individuals have genetic predisposition to gambling disorder.
Psychiatric medications are an important treatment for pathological gambling, and psychotherapy (also known as talk therapy) can be useful as well. Psychotherapy can help an individual recognize unhealthy emotions, thoughts and behaviors and learn to replace them with healthy ones. Psychotherapy is most effective when it is conducted by a trained, licensed mental health professional, such as a psychologist or clinical social worker.
It is very important to recognize that a person has a problem with gambling before it leads to financial, personal or family disasters. In addition to bankruptcy, gambling can cause family discord, depression, strained relationships and even suicide. It is important for families and friends to help their loved ones find alternative forms of entertainment, such as exercise, movies or sporting events. It is also important for individuals with gambling disorders to set boundaries in their financial management and take responsibility for their actions. They should review their bank and credit card statements, and speak to a therapist or a mental health counselor about local referral resources such as certified gambling counselors and intensive treatment programs.
Families and friends of gamblers should be supportive and encouraging, not critical or angry. It is especially important to explain to children and adolescents that gambling is not a sure way to make money, and that the odds of winning are very low. Parents should also avoid demonstrating reckless gambling habits in front of children, and explain to them the importance of managing their finances responsibly. In addition, it is important to address any underlying issues that may contribute to gambling disorder, such as anxiety or depression. For example, if someone is worried about debt, they can contact StepChange for free and confidential advice.